Latest reflections on the situation in England

March always tends to be steady rather than spectacular, as most of the bigger providers’ annual recruitment processes are already in full swing. Nonetheless there’s always something of interest to report and the highlights of Week 218 included the following:

• 16 Biomedical Scientist DAs with Sonic Healthcare, a global leader in clinical diagnostics who work in partnership with the NHS; these are mainly in London with a couple in Salford and they come under Healthcare Science Practitioners in my listings
• 12 Digital Technology DAs in Northampton and Stockport
• 11 Investment Operations Specialist HAs with BlackRock in London
• 11 Sales Executive and Project Management Associate HAs with Portakabin at a range of locations stretching from Leeds to Bridgwater
• 10 Sports Coach HAs in Leicester, High Wycombe, Wokingham, Reading and Ascot
• 9 Building Services Engineering DAs with Hoare Lee at a range of locations stretching from Manchester to Plymouth
• 9 Rail Engineering Technicians with Network Rail in York, Crewe, Swindon, Reading and Croydon
• 5 Project Management Associate HAs with Westmorland & Furness Council in Kendal, and
• 5 Speech & Language Therapist DAs in Sussex and Kent     

The Speech Therapy vacancies are interesting, as until fairly recently they were very rare but I’ve started to notice a small trickle of them on the NHS Jobs site in the last few weeks. In addition there were a couple of Audiology DAs with hospital trusts in Portsmouth and Bedfordshire (Bedford/Luton), this being another occupation that features in my Healthcare Science Practitioner data.    

One other notable development this week was the first Youth Justice Practitioner HA I’ve ever seen, posted by Walsall Council in the West Midlands and requiring A Level or equivalent qualifications in any subject. It’s always interesting to add a new occupation to my lists and this one has so captured my imagination that I’ve picked Walsall as the subject of my featured image, thanks to InspiredImages from Pixabay. The subject of the photo is the impressive war memorial in Barr Beacon Nature Reserve, which is located within the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall and affords views of the Wrekin, Cannock Chase, Lichfield Cathedral, Birmingham city centre and the Lickey Hills. My imagination was also stirred by a Quantity Surveying Technician HA in the quaint setting of Three Legged Cross in East Dorset.   

Finally, the total number of vacancies I’ve recorded in Greater London reached exactly 13,000 this week and the capital continues to be by far the most prolific hub for DA and HA vacancies per head of population.        

Headline data (England)

Since 1^st January 2020 I’ve been continuously tracking new vacancies that would be suitable for Level 3 school/college leavers to apply for during their final year of full-time education or within a year of leaving. During the latest one-week period from 4^th to 10^th March 2024 I recorded:

• 86 new Degree/Professional Apprenticeship vacancies (Levels 6/7) and
• 132 new Higher Apprenticeship vacancies (Levels 4/5)
• giving a total of 218 for the week

In the 218 weeks from 1^st January 2020 to 10^th March 2024 I’ve now recorded:

• 32,635 new Degree/Professional Apprenticeships (Levels 6/7) and
• 25,109 new Higher Apprenticeships (Levels 4/5)
• giving a total of 57,744

The average weekly totals across all 218 weeks have been:

• 150 DAs + 115 HAs = 265 average weekly total 

Latest update on Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

Having also tracked new vacancies in the three other devolved nations since 1^st June 2022, my latest running totals are as follows:

• Scotland: 1,019 vacancies at SQF Levels 10/11
• Wales: 245 vacancies at Levels 6/7 and 191 at Levels 4/5
• Northern Ireland: 172 vacancies at Levels 6/7 and 26 at Levels 4/5

During Scottish Apprenticeship Week 2024 I picked up a further 14 new GA vacancies and this has prompted me to update my latest quarterly Scotland report with the additional data included. Anyone who’s interested can read it here:

Analysis of 1,000+ Level 10 Graduate Apprenticeships in Scotland – updated after #ScotAppWeek24

Meanwhile, there was one new DA vacancy in Wales and one new HA in Northern Ireland and all being well I will publish Wales and Northern Ireland updates in June.   

Updated analysis by county and region

By county (loosely defined) the 57,744 higher and degree apprenticeships advertised in England since January 2020 have been distributed as follows:

• Greater London (13,000)
• Yorkshire (5,177)
• West Midlands (3,750)
• Greater Manchester (3,223)
• Bristol & Gloucestershire (2,841)
• Hampshire (2,016)
• Berkshire (1,927)
• Surrey (1,322)
• Hertfordshire (1,318)
• Cheshire (1,264)
• Tyne & Wear (1,202)
• Cambridgeshire (1,128)
• Nottinghamshire (1,089)
• Cumbria (1,085)
• Derbyshire (1,084)
• Sussex (1,036)
• Merseyside (989)
• Lancashire (937)
• Essex (901)
• Devon (887)
• Warwickshire (882)
• Suffolk (843)
• Buckinghamshire (795)
• Somerset & South Bristol (758)
• Dorset (733)
• Kent (732)
• Wiltshire (695)
• Leicestershire (693)
• Oxfordshire (680)
• Bedfordshire (652)
• Staffordshire (640)
• County Durham (550)
• Northamptonshire (465)
• Cornwall (417)
• Lincolnshire (416)
• Norfolk (414)
• Worcestershire (390)
• Shropshire (338)
• Isle of Wight (82)
• Northumberland (77)
• Herefordshire (59)
• Rutland (18)
• Remote-working, with no fixed central base (90)
• County not specified (149) 

Regional data: The table below shows how those stats add up regionally in the context of the local 15 to 24-year-old population. The population figures have been extracted from the latest ONS census data published in 2022 and my analysis provides the following information:

• First number in bold = the latest cumulative number of vacancies for each region
• Big number in brackets = the resident population of 15 to 24-year-olds in the region using the latest ONS data rounded to the nearest 100
• Third figure in bold indexes my apprenticeship figures against the 15 to 24-year-old population. The ‘index’ shows the combined number of DAs and HAs since January 2020 per 1,000 of that population and the regions are then ‘ranked’ accordingly:

• 13,000   London (1,078,600: 12.05)
•   6,340   South West (645,800: 9.82)
•   7,498   North West (884,600: 8.48)  
•   6,059   West Midlands (720,900: 8.40)
•   8,590   South East (1,040,500: 8.26)
•   5,189   Yorkshire & The Humber (670,800: 7.74)
•   5,276   East of England (685,300: 7.70)
•   3,652   East Midlands (593,700: 6.15)  
•   1,910   North East (313,000: 6.10)
•        90   Remote-working
•      140   Region not specified

• 57,744   Total England (6,633,200: 8.71)

Whilst my data is always going to have flaws in it, I think the above comparisons give a fair reflection of the regional differences that exist. The South West’s prominence is perhaps surprising, with Bristol being a particularly busy hub.   

Updated occupational analysis

Every week I update my occupational analysis, breaking the vacancies down into what I loosely define as ‘occupational areas’. In some cases these differ from the official apprenticeship standards terminology. For each occupational area the total number of vacancies since January 2020 is given below for both degree and higher apprenticeships.

Degree/Professional Apprenticeships (Levels 6/7):

In total there have been 32,635 new vacancies spread across 115 occupational areas and starting salaries have ranged from £5,590 to £36,822pa, with the average being somewhere in the middle at around £19K to £20K. The occupational breakdown is as follows:

5,490 Accountancy/Tax/Audit Professionals

4,696 Police Constables 

3,274 Digital Technology Solutions: General *see below for details

1,386 Chartered Managers: General Business

1,370 Civil Engineers

1,319 Software Engineers/Developers

1,070 Project Managers: General

1,005 Chartered Quantity Surveyors

   923 Data Scientists/Analysts/Engineers

   795 Nurses (612 Adult, 130 Mental Health, 42 Learning Disability, 11 Child) 

   661 Nuclear Engineers  

   638 Electrical & Electronic Engineers 

   590 Design & Development Engineers

   553 Manufacturing Engineers

   480 Supply Chain Professionals

   443 Banking/Financial Services/Investment Professionals

   434 Chartered Surveyors: Project Management / General Practice

   421 Solicitors

   416 Building Services Engineers

   400 Aerospace Engineers

   375 Cyber Security Professionals

   347 Professional Economists

   321 Digital Marketing Professionals

   298 Laboratory Scientists

   294 Sales Professionals

   268 Chartered Managers: Retail Leadership

   252 Environmental Practitioners

   235 Healthcare Science Practitioners (61 Biomedical Sciences, 30 Cardiac Physiology, 24 Nuclear Medicine, 24 Radiation Physics, 19 Respiratory & Sleep Physiology, 17 Clinical/Medical Engineering, 17 Radiation Engineering, 15 Audiology, 13 Neurophysiology, 5 Digital Healthcare Science, 5 Medical Physics, 3 Clinical Informatics, 1 Rehabilitation Engineering, 1 Renal Technology) 

   222 Food & Drink Technologists

   205 Electromechanical/Mechatronics Engineers

   202 Chartered Building Surveyors

   194 Railway & Rail Systems Engineers

   184 Construction Managers

   161 Control Technical Support Engineers  

   159 Chartered Managers: Food/Drink Manufacturing & Production

   156 Project Controls Professionals

   142 Operating Department Practitioners (NHS)

   118 Radiographers (62 Diagnostic, 56 Therapeutic)

   112 Occupational Therapists

   101 Materials Science Technologists/Engineers 

   100 Digital User Experience (UX) Designers   

     84 Design & Construction Managers / Architectural Technologists

     81 Chemical Engineers

     81 Social Workers

     80 Non-Destructive Testing Engineers

     79 Podiatrists

     76 Chartered Managers: Hotels & Hospitality

     72 Creative Digital Designers

     72 Town Planners

     71 Chartered Managers: Recruitment Professionals

     68 Building Control Surveyors

     58 Packaging Professionals 

     56 Clinical Trials Specialists

     53 Broadcast/Communication/Media Systems Engineers

     52 Chartered Rural Surveyors (Land Agents)

     48 Marine/Submarine Engineers

     44 Human Resources & People Professionals

     43 Environmental Health Officers

     42 Chartered Managers: Manufacturing/Production (non-food)

     40 Transport Planners

     37 Social Researchers

     36 Chartered Geospatial/Land Surveyors

     36 Chartered Managers: Marketing

     35 Weapons Munitions & Explosives Engineers

     34 Chartered Managers: Social Change, Charities & Voluntary Sector 

     32 Physiotherapists

     31 Journalists 

     30 Public Health Practitioners

     29 Architectural Assistants     

     29 Fire Safety Engineers

     25 Geotechnical Engineers

     24 Aerospace Software Engineers

     21 Insurance Professionals

     18 Speech & Language Therapists

     15 Forestry Professionals

     13 Environmental Engineers

     13 Midwives

     13 Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners

     12 Dietitians

     12 Theme Park Engineers

     11 Chartered Managers: Sports Business

       9 Agricultural/Horticultural Advisers

       9 Propulsion Engineers

       8 Gas Transmission Engineers

       7 Chartered Managers: Buying & Procurement

       7 Land Buyers

       6 Actuarial Professionals     

       6 Chartered Legal Executives   

       6 Sport Development Officers

       5 Chartered Managers: Fitness & Leisure Centres

       5 Operations Analysts

       5 Trading Standards Officers  

       4 Assistant Teachers / Learning Coaches

       4 Chartered Managers: Theme Parks

       3 Assistant Archivists

       3 Digital Transformation Engineers

       3 Education Technology Specialists

       3 Orthotists/Prosthetists

       3 Risk & Safety Management Practitioners       

       3 TV Production Managers

       2 Licensed Conveyancers

       2 Lighting Designers

       2 Pensions Professionals

       2 Sonographers

       2 Youth Workers

       1 AI Data Specialist

       1 Community Centre Manager

       1 Events Manager

       1 Facilities Manager

       1 Games Programmer

       1 Human Performance Engineer 

       1 Resilience & Emergencies Professional

       1 Robotics Engineer

       1 Service Designer       

       1 Space Systems Engineer

*DAs in Digital Technology Solutions (DTS) open up a wide range of roles. Some vacancies specify the role, while others are flexible. The three most frequently specified roles have been Software Engineer/Developer, Data Analyst and Cyber Security Specialist and I’ve recorded these as three separate occupations in my DA listings above (Data Analysts being merged in with Data Scientists and Data Engineers for the purposes of my reports). Meanwhile, those DAs listed as Digital Technology Solutions: General are either flexible or they lead to other specific roles. The following is a list of all the DTS roles I’ve recorded since 2020 and it now encompasses 111 different job titles:

Software Engineer, Software Developer, Software Tester, Cyber Security Specialist, IT Consultant, Network Engineer, Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Global Data Analyst, Data Product Specialist, Data Architect, Network Architect, Enterprise Architect, Digital Solutions Architect, Technology Architect, Solutions Consultant, Software Consultant, Software Implementation Consultant, Technical Consultant, Technology Consultant, Functional Consultant, Business Consultant, Dynamics Consultant, Security Consultant, Application Management Consultant, Project Manager, Project Co-ordinator, Digital Project Delivery Support, Application Developer, Business Intelligence (BI) Developer, Business Systems Developer, Automation Developer, Automation Test Developer, Full Stack Developer, Digital Developer, Prototype Developer, Technology Manager, Legal Technologist, Credit Trading Technologist, People (HR) Solutions Technologist,  Innovation Technologist, Innovation Design Analyst, Agile Analyst, Application Analyst, Applications Support Analyst, Technical Support Analyst, Operations Support Analyst, Support Desk Analyst, IT Support Analyst, IT Service Desk Analyst, Business Analyst, Business Technology Analyst, Network Strategy Analyst, Global Mobility Analyst, Content Analyst, Security Operations Analyst, Process Mining Analyst, SAP Analyst, User Experience Researcher, Digital Social Media Executive, Junior Product Manager, Infrastructure Specialist, FinTech Specialist, DevOps/NetOps Specialist, DevOps Engineer, Solutions Engineer, Digital/Digital Solutions Engineer, Hardware Engineer, Systems Engineer, Business Systems Engineer, Automation Engineer, IT Support Engineer, Technical Support Engineer, Service Desk Engineer, Cloud Engineer, Quality Assurance Engineer, Infrastructure Engineer, Telecommunications Engineer, Sales Engineer, Sales Account Manager, Sales Operations Manager, Sales Data Analyst, AI Technical Sales Adviser, Platform Manager, Service Manager, Engineering Information Manager, Information Management & Technology Specialist, Control Systems Specialist, Rail Signal Control Systems Specialist, Amazon Web Services Specialist, Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Specialist, Fixed Telecoms Specialist, Scientific Computing Specialist, IT/Computing Technician, Second Line Support Technician, WordPress Developer, Public Health Intelligence Officer, Technology Operations & Service Delivery Specialist, Associate Digital Delivery Manager, Digital Manufacturing Engineer, Electronic Systems Design & Development Engineer, Solution Engineering & Development Specialist, Client Delivery Specialist, Client Success Specialist, Client Consultant, Microsoft Dynamics & Power Applications Consultant, Microsoft 365 Product Specialist, IT Governance & Applications Support Specialist, Operations Resilience & Change Specialist, Innovation Foundry Specialist, and Continuous Improvement & Automation Specialist.

Higher Apprenticeships (Levels 4/5):

In total there have been 25,109 new vacancies spread across 153 occupational areas and starting salaries have ranged from £5,002 to £38,469pa. The average is around £17K to £18K, except for Sports Coaches which are usually around £10K or lower. The occupational breakdown is as follows: 

2,057 Sales Executives

1,663 Accounting Technicians

1,598 Data Analysts

1,562 Software Developers 

1,555 Project Management Associates

1,178 Sports Coaches (Children & Young People)   

   888 Nursing Associates

   758 Construction Site Supervisors

   701 Manufacturing Engineering Technicians 

   662 Quantity Surveying Technicians

   600 Business Analysts 

   599 Network Engineers

   594 Taxation Technicians

   488 Cyber Security Technologists

   473 Commercial Procurement & Supply Practitioners

   434 Software Testers

   420 Public Relations & Communications Assistants

   418 Electrical & Electronic Technician Engineers

   417 Civil/Site Engineering Technicians

   357 Social Care Practitioners (Adults/Children/Families/Young People)

   355 Investment Operations Specialists

   348 Building Services Engineering Technicians

   326 Insurance Practitioners  

   325 Buying & Merchandising Assistants

   311 Junior Management Consultants

   265 Retail Managers  

   265 Technician Scientists

   259 Healthcare Associate Practitioners (150 Reablement, 69 Multidisciplinary, 12 Diagnostic Imaging, 6 Mammography, 6 Podiatry, 5 Speech Therapy, 3 Continuing Healthcare, 3 Intensive Care, 2 Dietetic Speech & Language, 1 Maternity Support Worker, 1 Occupational Therapy, 1 Stroke Rehabilitation)

   256 DevOps Engineers

   249 Marketing Executives

   236 Construction Design & Build Technicians

   211 Early Years Lead Practitioners

   200 Policy Practitioners

   196 Associate Ambulance Practitioners

   196 Regulatory Compliance Officers

   195 Police Community Support Officers

   170 Mineral Products Technicians 

   167 Healthcare Science Associates/Technicians (61 Audiology & Hearing Aid Dispensers, 42 Medical Engineering, 20 Cardiac & Respiratory Physiology, 15 Genetics Technology, 13 Respiratory & Sleep Physiology, 4 Clinical Chemistry, 4 Tissue Retrieval, 2 Medical Physics, 2 Phlebotomy, 1 Biomedicine, 1 Neurophysiology, 1 Nuclear Medicine, 1 Rehabilitation Engineering)

   159 Railway Engineering Technicians

   153 People Professionals / HR Specialists

   147 Food Production Process Leaders & Technology Technicians

   140 Quality Practitioners/Engineers

   134 Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Practitioners

   127 Nuclear Technicians

   117 Automotive Engineering/Propulsion Technicians

   116 Hospitality Managers

     93 Internal Audit Practitioners

     91 Actuarial Technicians

     90 Intelligence Analysts

     86 Vehicle Damage Assessors

     83 Journalists

     75 Financial Advisers/Paraplanners   

     75 Recruitment Consultants

     72 Brewers 

     69 Applications Support Leads

     68 Audiovisual Technicians

     65 Automation & Controls Engineering Technicians

     64 Business Operations Managers   

     57 Revenues & Welfare Benefits Officers

     54 Dairy Technologists

     54 Market Research Executives

     53 Building Information (BIM) Managers 

     53 Learning & Skills Practitioners/Mentors   

     49 Business Improvement Practitioners 

     43 TV/Media Production Co-ordinators   

     41 Ordnance Munitions & Explosives Technicians

     37 Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) Engineers

     37 Housing/Property/Lettings Managers

     36 Paralegals

     32 Air Traffic Controllers   

     31 Aircraft Engineering Technicians

     31 Engineering Maintenance Technicians

     27 Estate Agency Negotiators

     25 Engineer Surveyors

     23 Countryside Rangers

     22 Land Referencers 

     20 Acoustics Technicians

     19 Digital Accessibility Specialists   

     18 Digital Community Managers

     15 Facilities Managers

     15 Fibre Cable Engineers

     15 Smart Energy Engineers

     12 Broadcast & Media Systems Technicians

     12 Hygiene Specialists

     11 Data Protection Officers     

     11 Film/TV Post-Production Technical Operators

     11 Football Coaches

     11 Gymnastics Coaches

     10 Aviation Operations Managers

     10 Employability Practitioners

       9 Antisocial Behaviour & Community Safety Officers

       9 Counter Fraud Investigators

       9 Historic Environment Advice Assistants

       9 Marine Engineering Technicians

       9 Railway/Passenger Transport Operations Managers

       9 Rehabilitation Officers (Visual Impairment) 

       9 Town Planning Technicians 

       8 Dental Technicians

       8 School Business Professionals

       7 Asset Managers

       7 Computer Games Developers

       7 Digital Product Managers

       7 Fire Safety Inspectors

       7 Port Marine Operations Officers       

       6 Music Teachers

       5 Architectural Technicians

       5 Broadcasting Technical Operators

       5 Digital Learning Designers

       5 Early Intervention Practitioners

       5 Outdoor Learning Specialists

       5 Unified Communications Troubleshooters

       5 Visual Merchandisers

       4 Aircraft Certifying Technicians      

       4 Padel Coaches

       4 Space Engineering Technicians

       4 Tax Technology Technicians

       3 Arboriculturists      

       3 Culinary Chefs

       3 Fashion & Textiles Technologists

       3 Governance Officers

       3 Junior Animators     

       3 Music Recording Technicians

       3 Payroll Associates

       3 Pensions Administrators

       3 Sports Development Officers   

       3 Utilities Technicians

       3 Visual Effects Artists

       2 Auctioneers

       2 Chaplains

       2 Cricket Coaches

       2 Energy Specialists        

       2 Lifting Equipment Operations Engineers     

       2 Trampoline Coaches & Rebound Therapists

       2 Travel Executives

       2 Water Recycling Engineers

       1 Chemical Process Technician

       1 Conveyancing Technician

       1 Cultural Heritage Conservation Technician

       1 Customs & Foreign Exchange Expert

       1 Fitness Club Manager

       1 Fitness Instructor

       1 Goalkeeping Coach

       1 Health Informatics Specialist

       1 Horticultural / Landscape Design Practitioner

       1 Hotel Reception Manager

       1 Lighting Designer

       1 Metrology Technician

       1 Proposals Co-ordinator

       1 Small Vessel Chief Engineer

       1 Tennis Coach

       1 Wedding Accessories Designer

       1 Wedding Venue Co-ordinator

       1 Youth Justice Practitioner      

Going forward

All being well I’ll continue posting weekly or fortnightly updates, usually on Sunday nights or Monday mornings. 

Footnote: How the data has been collected  

Since 1^st January 2020 I’ve kept a record of degree and higher apprenticeship vacancies posted in England and in doing so have built up an evolving occupational and regional analysis. I largely use data extracted daily from the government’s ‘Find an Apprenticeship’ website, whilst also keeping very close tabs on other national vacancy sources.

My target audience is Level 3 school and college leavers and those who influence and advise them. Therefore, I only include vacancies at Levels 4 to 7 that ‘work-ready’ 18/19-year-olds seeking their first permanent role could reasonably apply for, whether in their final year of school/college or after gaining up to twelve months’ temporary experience.    

I use the term ‘work-ready’ because academic qualifications alone are never enough to compete successfully for a higher or degree apprenticeship. A UCAS points score of 112 is the most frequently quoted minimum entry requirement for DAs (sometimes more and often less), but it’s otherwise much more about the skills, qualities and insights an applicant can bring.

My data will never be fully reliable because not all vacancies are advertised nationally in a way that also gives an indication of precise numbers and locations. For that reason and others my reports always come with flaws, caveats and some editorial licence. However, I think the analyses I’ve built up paint a unique, intriguing and representative picture of what’s out there in a changing post-18 career landscape, as well as conveying a fairly realistic sense of comparative scale from both an occupational and regional perspective. 

As a general observation I think it’s fair to say that there will never be enough degree apprenticeships to meet the potential demand, while there are also distinct regional variations. To a certain extent there’s probably a mismatch between students’ aspirations and the actual occupations available as well, which occasionally leads to reports of some of the less popular vacancies being hard to fill. In addition, only about 25% of overall apprenticeship vacancies are taken up by under-19s, which partly explains why my cumulative data falls well short of any official data based on apprenticeship starts. Meanwhile, a significant proportion of those Level 3 students who do take up apprenticeships will start on Level 3 programmes rather than progressing directly to Level 4 or above. The prominence of STEM occupations in my listings is also very noticeable.

One further significant observation is that NHS and other healthcare roles have become increasingly prominent in my data over time, thanks especially to the wonderful NHS Jobs website. However, these vacancies often stretch my criteria to the limit in terms of the maturity and experience they look for. Occasionally school/college leavers are actually mentioned in the person spec, but more often NHS vacancies are aimed at people with at least a few months’ experience or more. However, I’ve worked with a lot of young students in the past, especially those on Level 3 courses in the health and social care field and/or those with significant work/voluntary experience or caring responsibilities, who would be capable of making a very competitive application for such roles. Hence, I do include these vacancies if I think a mature 18/19-year-old would be considered, especially within a year of leaving school or college.

Finally, there’s sometimes an element of doubt about whether to include a vacancy under Degree or Higher. My approach to this is to count a vacancy as ‘Degree’ if it starts at Level 4 and moves seamlessly on to Level 6 or 7, but as ‘Higher’ if it starts at Level 4 with an option to progress to Level 6 as opposed to an expectation.

Although my data is not stored electronically, I do have a written record of all 57,744 vacancies with details of the employer, occupation, location(s), minimum starting salary (if known) and, in the case of DAs, minimum entry grades and degree provider. As a guidance practitioner myself it’s been an incredibly illuminating and informative process, transforming my own perceptions about the labour market.

© Alan Bullock Careers, 10/3/2024